The correct answer is (B).
(B) Principle (Identify/Inference)
Step 1: Identify the Question Type
The question asks for the "generalization" illustrated by the stimulus. "Generalization" is another word for principleÑa broad rule that can apply to specific circumstances. The correct answer will take the specific example in the stimulus and express it in more generic terms.
Step 2: Untangle the Stimulus
According to the stimulus, certain institutions (e.g., hospitals and universities) can successfully achieve the purpose they proclaim publicly, even though they employ individuals who work there for their own selfish reasons.
Step 3: Make a Prediction
The correct answer will broaden the scope of this idea to apply not just to other institutions, but possibly to groups in general. In short, the correct answer will provide a general rule about how some groups can have a particular quality (a public purpose) even if their members don't share that quality (have their own selfish purposes).
Step 4: Evaluate the Answer Choices
(B) is a clean match. The organizations in the stimulus do have a property (public purpose) not possessed by all their members (some of whom have selfish motives).
(A) is Outside the Scope. The principle in the stimulus is about the relationship between parts (workers) and a whole (institutions), not about the relationship between wholes (which is what social organizations would be in this case).
(C) distorts the information. While this statement may be true, at question are the institutions' and individuals' actual purposes, not their claimed purposes.
(D) is Outside the Scope. Founders' original intentions are irrelevant, as are any consequences beyond those evincing public purposes. Neither original intentions nor additional consequences relate to the fact that institutions and individuals working within them can have different aims.
(E) distorts the stimulus. Even if we assume that the institutions mentioned in the stimulus were created to serve public purposes, nothing there indicates that they serve other purposes "just as effectively." The author simply remarks that they serve public purposes effectively despite the fact that their employees have selfish motives.
