Free CFA Level I Flashcards

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Evaluate alternative definitions of mean to address an investment problem.


Arithmetic mean is used to estimate expected value, or the value of a single outcome from a distribution.

Geometric mean is used calculate or estimate periodic compound returns over multiple periods.

Harmonic mean is used to calculate the average price paid with equal periodic investments.

A trimmed mean omits outliers and a winsorized mean replaces outliers with given values, reducing the effect of outliers on the mean in both cases.

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